Hypothyroidism

What is hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common condition where the production of thyroid hormones is abnormally low. The condition is more prevalent in women than in men, and its occurrence increases with age. According to estimates, 3-5% of people suffer from hypothyroidism.

The thyroid gland, which produces thyroid hormones, is found in the neck. The thyroid aids in maintaining the body's metabolism. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones.

What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Constipation
Chills
Dry skin
Dull or coarse hair
Depression
Excessive sleepiness
Fluid retention
Fatigue
Hoarse voice
Irregular menstrual cycles
Infertility
Loss of sex drive
Pain and numbness in the hand/s
Memory loss or confusion in elderly
Weight gain

What are the causes of hypothyroidism

Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)
Pituitary illness
Radiotherapy or surgical removal of thyroid
Certain Medications
Significant iodine deficit

How is hypothyroidism identified?

TSH: When thyroxine levels are low, the pituitary secretes more TSH to encourage the thyroid to produce thyroxine. Hence, a higher TSH level indicates that the thyroid gland is underactive.
Thyroxine: Thyroxine levels below the normal level indicate hypothyroidism.
If the reason is suspected to be autoimmune, a test for thyroid antibodies may be performed to confirm the diagnosis

The course of treatment comprises taking a daily tablet of thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine.